HIV & immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

HIV & immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected patients leads to recovery of CD4+T cell numbers and restoration of protective immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens, resulting in reduction in the frequency of opportunistic infections and prolonged survival. However, in a subset of patients, dysregulated immune response after initiation of ART leads to the phenomenon of im...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a collection of inflammatory disorders associated with paradoxical worsening of preexisting infectious processes after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. At the initial stage of the disease, the imaging findings can be misdiagnosed as pneumonia resulting ...

Cystic lung lesions as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-TB co-infection?

Susac’s syndrome as HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Susac's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune endotheliopathy of cerebral, retinal and cochlear arterioles. We report of an HIV-infected woman who developed a first SS episode following a spontaneous reduction of plasma viral load and several relapses six years later, following initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins alone did not control t...

Cytotoxic Mediators in Paradoxical HIV–Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) frequently complicates combined antiretroviral therapy and antituberculosis therapy in HIV-1-coinfected tuberculosis patients. The immunopathological mechanisms underlying TB-IRIS are incompletely defined, and improved understanding is required to derive new treatments and to reduce associated morbidity and mortality....